Afghanistan’s job market is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by worldwide economic trends and technological advancements. As traditional industries change, young Afghans must prepare for emerging opportunities. Understanding which sectors will thrive in the future and what skills are needed will be essential for career success.

The global job market is evolving, influenced by automation, artificial intelligence (AI) and an increasing demand for sustainability. Sectors such as technology, renewable energy and digital services are expected to grow substantially.

Software development, AI and cyber security are in high demand, while the push for green energy solutions has created new opportunities in solar and wind energy. Remote working and the gig economy are further reshaping the way people work, emphasising digital literacy and online entrepreneurship.

Dr. Fariha Sediqy*, a well-respected Afghan doctor, believes technology is a driving force behind these changes. “Technology is a game-changer. In healthcare, we see AI-assisted diagnostics, digital health records and telemedicine transforming the industry,” she says. “Beyond healthcare, tech skills open doors in almost every field, from finance to education.”

According to the World Bank, Afghanistan’s GDP grew by 2.5% in 2024, driven by private consumption. However, this growth has only recouped about 10% of past economic losses, indicating a slow and fragile recovery, and unemployment remains high, particularly among youth and women.

Despite these economic challenges, there are emerging sectors that offer promising job opportunities. One such sector is technology.

With the rise of software development, e-commerce and online marketing, there are opportunities within the country’s growing IT industry, mainly for men. Job options for women are severely restricted, but some avenues remain, such as remote work in web development and digital marketing, and online teaching.Initiatives such as Tech Transition, funded by the World Bank, aim to help female students expelled from university by teaching them coding.

The renewable energy sector also presents significant potential. Afghanistan’s natural resources, particularly in solar and wind energy, make this a promising area for job creation.

Recently launched solar power projects include a 8MW scheme to electrify 5,000 families across Farah, Uruzgan and Paktika provinces, and an 22.75 MW project with local and Turkish companies in Kabul province.

Educational institutions, including universities in Afghanistan must adapt to these evolving needs. By providing students with the right technical knowledge and soft skills, schools and training centres can help improve employability and contribute to the country’s economic recovery.

Dr. Sediqy advises: “Be proactive in learning new skills and seek mentorship. With hard work and the right mindset, young Afghans can navigate the future with confidence.”

* Names have been changed to protect identities